The Dilemma of Central Banks
Interest rate decisions made by central banks are determined by two essential factors: inflation (price stability) and the economy (economic growth). The significant interest rate hikes in recent years were a reaction to the rapid increase in inflation (especially in the United States and the Eurozone). However, rising interest rates also have a dampening effect on the economy. Financing becomes more expensive for businesses and households, leading to a decrease in demand and investment activity.
Currently, central banks are facing a dilemma: should they continue to combat inflation with high interest rates or should they stimulate a weakening economy and avoid impending insolvency and rising unemployment. There are different positions and opinions within central banks regarding this matter. The direction of future interest rate decisions appears to be very uncertain. In the Eurozone, the first interest rate cut has already set a direction, and it seems unlikely that further interest rate hikes will occur.